John Sweeney raises an interesting point about the differences in styling between 19th century quadrilles (Tony Parkes's definition 1) and the phrased New England squares of today (Tony's definition 3), whether the latter have the word "Quadrille" in their titles or not. Where today's dancers would to courtesy turns, or replace them with twirls and other embellishments, 19th-century dance manuals prescribe a simple turn by the left hand. The word "swing" was used to describe a two-hand turn, or sometimes other figures such as a right-hand or left-hand turn or a circle, but certainly not something done in the closed ballroom-like position we generally use for swings today. Also, if I understand correctly, where we generally use a simple walking step for most square dance figures other than "balance" and "swing", dancers in the early 19th century were taught more elaborate footwork. (My impression is that later in 19th century, the fancy footwork became less common, though some dancing masters may have objected to that trend. However, I haven't looked carefully through available books of the period to check the trends in what people were writing, much less do I know how well what appeared in the books of any decade corresponded to what dancers were actually doing.) John lists a number of dances with "Quadrille" in their titles and writes of them: Those remarks apply at least as much to my own "Wardwell Quadrille" series as to any of the other dances on John's list. I used the word "Quadrille" in the titles simply because I thought it sounded good in combination with "Wardwell" ("Wardwell Hall" being the former name of the church social hall used by the BACDS San Francisco contra dance series). I didn't at all imagine the dances being done in an especially elegaaahnt style, and my preferred music would be old-time reels, not the 6/8 tunes of Tony's definition 4 of "quadrille" nor the sort of orchestral music used for those Viennese "quadrilles" that I referenced in an earlier message. --Jim On Feb 23, 2020, at 3:24 AM, John Sweeney via Contra Callers &lt;contracallers(a)lists.sharedweight.net&gt; wrote: <snip>